Mexico’s Democracy is Abusing Human Rights

1 http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFTRE7A90RJ20111110

2 http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34215.pdf

3 http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/mexico-security-forces-use-torture-in-drug-war/102517/

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Rafael Correa Sueña con estar Distanciado de la OEA

[1] “Presidente Correa propone que la Celac reemplace a la OEA” Andes Agencia Pública de Noticias de Ecuador y Suramérica.  22 de noviembre. 2011. andes.info.ec

[2] “Insulza asegura que las revueltas policiales fueron un intento golpista”Europa Press. 4 de octubre.  europapress.es
[3] “Uribe con Lobo, Correa con Zelaya” BBC. 31 de enero. 2010. bbc.co.uk
[4] “Kintto Lucas tilda de 'dictadura' a Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU” Hoy. 26 de agosto. 2011. Hoy.ec
[5] “Gobierno de Ecuador cuestiona a relatora para libertad de expresión de OEA” El Universo. 5 de diciembre. 2011. eluniverso.com
[6] “Ecuador propone nuevo orden” Hoy. 23 de noviembre. 2011. hoy.ec
[7] Jijón, Milton. Entrevistado por Olga Imbaquingo vía e-mail. 23 de noviembre. 2011
[8] “Rafael Correa critica la 'gran capacidad de manipulación' de los medios” El Mundo. 30 de octubre. 2011. elmundo.es

[9]  Valery,Yolanda. “Ecuador entra al ALBA” BBC Mundo. 24 de junio. 2009. bbc.co.uk

[10] “ Ecuador expulsa a otro diplomático de Estados Unidos” El País. 18 de febrero. 2009. elpaís.es

[11] Lendman , Stephen. “CELAC: A Washington-Controlled OAS Alternative” sjlendman.blogspot.com. 4 de diciembre. 2011.

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Rural Colombia: The Potential for the Future

[1]If the armed conflict and its consequences on property and populations are a subject of permanent concern, it should not mean obliterating the various other issues related to land . Indeed most papers focusing on the displacement speak exclusively of the violence and the armed forces.: "Its centrality in the agenda of Colombian society, relegated to the background the understanding of other spinal problems for human development in the field of population” (PNUD)

[2] PNUD, Informe Nacional de Desarrollo Humano, “Colombia rural, Razones para la esperanza”,  p.82

[3] In violation of constitutional Article 6, Law 56/81, the Colombian government allowed Emgesa to perform its own environmental impact study for the Quimbo.

[4] Information taken from documents of the association for the population of El Quimbo (Asoquimbo) and the juridical organization ILSA, based in Bogota.

[5] It will be flooding 842 acres of riparian forest, a sensitive ecosystem. Asociación de afectados por la hidroeléctrica el Quimbo. C.f. http://plataformasur.blogia.com/

[6] Fisherman for example rely almost exclusively on the Rio Magdalena.

[7] The Environmental Hearing on Quimbo hydroelectric project, convened by the Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development, which took place last February 12th, 2011 in the municipality of Gigante, confirmed that the project was not viable because of the various negative effects that have been reported, particularly the severe impairment of food security and sovereignty and the violation of human rights and fundamental rights of the inhabitants of the region.
This hearing was important: in the presence of control agencies and the media, the communities expressed serious allegations against Emgesa who started work without a license and pressured people to leave their land. The Ministry of the Environment, by Resolution 227 of 11 February 2009, filed charges against the company for allegedly starting work without the appropriate environmental licenses. But by Resolution 0899 of May 15 2009, the Ministry of Environment had already granted the environmental license for the construction of hydroelectric project Quimbo.

[8] The optic of the march was to request from the relevant ministry to ensure each right, and to obtain answers and responsible actions from their part. The presence of police forces created tension and "on the night and after a full day of protest on the route, protesters decided to return to their homes, before the serious risk of the police unleashing repression" (http://www.radiomundoreal.fm/Represan-y-reprimen?lang=es)

[9] http://www.razonpublica.com/index.php/econom-y-sociedad-temas-29/2440-colombia-es-rural.html. . In addition to this, the recent land redistribution law from president Santos addresses certain land issues,  exclusively in relation to the armed conflict.

[10] http://www.dnp.gov.co/PORTALWEB/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=vEKHtbJUEns%3D&tabid=1238

[11] C.f. Report from the PNUD, Articles written by the working group Proyecto Conocimiento y Cambio en Pobreza Rural y Desarrollo, Oxfam.

[12] The report of the PNUD focuses on policy options with two priorities (to resolve conflict and overcome poverty) and four lines of work (human security, rural development, institutional development and policy for land. C.f. pp.374-400.

[13] ProyectoConocimientoyCambioenPobrezaRuralyDesarrollo”, http://www.rimisp.org/proyectos/index_portada_noticia.php?id_proyecto=262


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Mexico's Drug War: Not Another Colombia

[2] According to dictionary.com, corporative relates to “of or pertaining to a political system under which the principal economic functions, as banking, industry, or labor, are organized as corporate unities.”
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/corporative

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[i] David Rieff, “Who’s Winning the War for Mexico,” The Wall Street Journal, December 4^th, 2010, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703989004575652784260546668.html

[ii] “Mexico casino arson attack kills dozens in Monterrey,” BBC, August 26, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-14674706

[iii] José A. Ortega, “Cd. Juárez, por segundo año consecutivo, la ciudad más violenta del mundo,” Seguridad, Justicia y Paz, January 11, 2011, http://seguridadjusticiaypaz.org.mx/sala-de-prensa/58-cd-juarez-por-segundo-ano-consecutivo-la-ciudad-mas-violenta-del-mundo

[iv] World Bank Data by GINI index, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator

[v] Lisa Haugaard, Adam Isaacson and Jennifer Johnson, “A Cautionary Tale: Plan Colombia’s Lessons for U.S. Policy Toward Mexico and Beyond,” WOLA, November 2011, 4

[vi] Nazih Richani, “The Political Economy of Violence: The War System in Colombia,” Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, Volume 39, Issue 2, pages 37–81, April 1997

[vii] Robert C. Bonner, "The New Cocaine Cowboys," Foreign Affairs, July/Aug 2010, 46

[viii] Fernando Escalante, “Puede México ser Colombia? Violencia, narcotráfico y Estado,” Nueva Sociedad, No. 220, March/April 2009, 96

[ix] Fernando Escalante, “Puede México ser Colombia? Violencia, narcotráfico y Estado,” Nueva Sociedad, No. 220, March/April 2009, 92

[x] Malcolm Beith, “Colombia is no Lesson For Mexico (Part I),” InSight Crime, November 28, 2011, http://www.insightcrime.org/insight-latest-news/item/1899-colombia-is-no-lesson-for-mexico-part-i

[xi] Ibid.

[xii] Ibid.

[xiii] Elaine Shannon Washington, “New Kings of Coke,” Time Magazine, June 24, 2001, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,157350,00.html

[xiv] Lisa Haugaard, Adam Isaacson and Jennifer Johnson, “A Cautionary Tale: Plan Colombia’s Lessons for U.S. Policy Toward Mexico and Beyond,” WOLA, November 2011, 12

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Cuatro Presidentes Latinoamericanos Se Ponen Del Lado De Iran

1  “Correa recibirá a Ahmadineyad en medio críticas de empresarios” Expreso. January 10, 2012. Expreso.ec. (in Spanish)

2  “Hugo Chávez acusa a Estados Unidos de querer ''acabar con la Opep'' El Mundo. December 14, 2011. elmundo.es (in Spanish)

3  Fierro Benítez, Rodrigo. “Política internacional” El Comercio. January 12, 2012. elcomercio.com (in Spanish)

4  “Mahmud Ahmadinejad ve al capitalismo en “un callejón sin salida” El Comercio. January 12, 2012. elcomercio.com (in Spanish)

5  “Ahmadineyad dice que América Latina no será más el patio trasero de EE.UU.” La Nación. January 12, 2012. lanacion.com (in Spanish)

6  Minaya, Ezequiel and Kejal Vyas. “US Oil Sanctions Against Venezuela May End Up Helping Chavez” The Wall Street Journal. May 31, 2011.wallstreetjournal.com

7 “Venezuela's Hugo Chavez, Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad joke about 'big atomicbomb'” msnbc. January 10, 2012. mnsbc.com

8  “Envío de remesas a Ecuador cae en el tercer trimestre del 2011” El Comercio. November 23, 2011. elcomercio.com (in Spanish)

9  “Ahmadineyad dice que América Latina no será más el patio trasero de EE.UU.” La Nación. January 12, 2012. lanacion.com (in Spanish)

10  “Mahmud Ahmadinejad ve al capitalismo en “un callejón sin salida” El Comercio. January 12, 2012. elcomercio.com (in Spanish)

11  “Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad welcomed by Nicaragua president Daniel Ortega” The Telegraph. January 11, 2012. telegraph.co.uk

12  Pinell. Edgardo J. “La inusual relación entre Irán y Nicaragua” El Nuevo Diario. January 10, 2012 elnuevodiario.com.ni (in Spanish)

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Ecuador’s President Rafael Correa: Straying from the OAS, But Making Time for Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad?

^[1] “Presidente Correa propone que la Celac reemplace a la OEA” Andes Agencia Pública de Noticias de Ecuador y Suramérica. November 22, 2011. andes.info.ec (in Spanish)

^[2] “Insulza asegura que las revueltas policiales fueron un intento golpista”Europa Press. October 4,2010.  europapress.es (in Spanish)

^[3] “Uribe con Lobo, Correa con Zelaya” BBC. January 31, 2010. bbc.co.uk (in Spanish)

^[4] “Kintto Lucas tilda de 'dictadura' a Consejo de Seguridad de la ONU” Hoy. August 26, 2011. hoy.ec (in Spanish)

^[5] “Gobierno de Ecuador cuestiona a relatora para libertad de expresión de OEA” El Universo. December 5, 2011. eluniverso.com (in Spanish)

^[6] “Ecuador propone nuevo orden” Hoy. November 23, 2011. hoy.ec (in Spanish)

^[7] Jijón, Milton. E-mail interview with Olga Imbaquingo. November 23, 2011.

^[8]  “Rafael Correa critica la 'gran capacidad de manipulación' de los medios” El Mundo. October 30, 2011. elmundo.es (in Spanish)

^[9] “Ecuador entra al ALBA” BBC Mundo. June 24, 2009. bbc.co.uk (in Spanish)

^[10] “Ecuador expulsa a otro diplomático de Estados Unidos” El País. February 18, 2009. elpaís.es (in Spanish)

^[11] “CELAC: A Washington-Controlled OAS Alternative” Stephen Lendman’s blog. December 4, 2011. sjlendman.blogspot.com

The Internet in Brazil: E-Progress and E-Censorship in Latin America’s Poster Child

[1]http://www.newkerala.com/news/2011/worldnews-130313.html

[2] “eSky.pl Set to Conquer Brazil.” Polish News Bulletin.Business.December 21, 2011.

[3]http://www.newkerala.com/news/2011/worldnews-130313.html

[4]http://www.internetworldstats.com/sa/br.htm

[5]http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/818864.html?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter

[6] De La Fuente, Anne Marie. Netflix streams into Latin America. Daily Variety.International.P. 12. September 5, 2011.

[7]http://www.borninbrazil.co.uk/

[8]Michault, Jessica. “Brazil is online - but it isn't used to shopping there yet;
Special Report.”International Herald Tribune.Leisure. November 9, 2011.P. 204.

[9]Michault, Jessica. “Brazil is online - but it isn't used to shopping there yet;
Special Report.”International Herald Tribune.Leisure.November 9, 2011. P. 204.

[10]http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jmZguFtaewB6KBdpPgNYmoy71qHg?docId=ac960448d57e401fa538e679932c5313

[11]http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2011/The_Rise_of_Social_Networking_in_Latin_America

[12]http://portaldaclube.globo.com/noticia.php?hash=731607b5fc151482b388ec54aeb2c672&id=32826&t=Neymar%20arruma%20briga%20com%20Eike%20Batista%20na%20internet

[13]Rohter, Larry. “Adept with new media, Brazilian comedians flourish worldwide;
RafinhaBastos is part of a new generation of country's humorists.” International Herald Tribune.Leisure.P. 11. August 9, 2011.

[14] “Brazil leads way in Google content removal requests.” The New Zealand Herald.Tribune. June 30, 2011.

[15]http://cpj.org/blog/2010/04/is-brazil-the-censorship-capital-of-the-internet.php

[16]http://cpj.org/blog/2010/04/is-brazil-the-censorship-capital-of-the-internet.php

[17]http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2011/11/08/brazil-cybercrime-law-could-restrict-fundamental-rights-internet-openness/

[18]http://www.cdt.org/files/pdfs/CDT-Brazil_PL84-99_comments-2011.pdf

[19]http://www.genderit.org/sites/default/upload/erotics_finalresearch_apcwnsp.pdf#brazil

[20]http://www.genderit.org/sites/default/upload/erotics_finalresearch_apcwnsp.pdf#brazil

[21]http://direitorio.fgv.br/civilrightsframeworkforinternet

[22]
http://globalvoicesonline.org/2011/12/26/brazil-murder-or-suicide-of-controversial-blogger/

[23]http://www.engadget.com/2011/11/30/brazil-wants-to-build-south-american-broadband-network-says-it/

[24]http://www.engadget.com/2011/11/30/brazil-wants-to-build-south-american-broadband-network-says-it/

Higher Education in Latin America 2011: The Burden of the Youth

---

[1]http://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/54768353

[2] http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/40/093.html

[3]http://www.economist.com/node/21531468

[4] Altbach, Philip; Reisberg, Liz, “Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking An Academic Revolution,” 2009

[5] Usher, Alex; Medow. John “Global Higher Education Rankings 2010”

[6] http://ww4report.com/node/10597

[7]http://www.economist.com/node/21534785October 29^th 2011

[8]http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/61/2/48631582.pdf

[9] http://www.economist.com/node/21525920

[10]http://www.santiagotimes.cl/chile/education/22933-protests-in-chilean-capital-mark-second-day-of-national-strike

[11]http://www.santiagotimes.cl/chile/education/22997-education-budget-approved-by-chiles-congress

[12]http://www.santiagotimes.cl/chile/education/22979-chiles-senate-approves-budget-after-historic-29-hour-session

[13] http://www.santiagotimes.cl/chile/education/23036-chiles-education-system-excludes-and-discriminates-unesco-says

[14] http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20111125210432868

[15] http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/que-pasa/chile-calls-57000-military-draft

[16]http://www.santiagotimes.cl/chile/education/23139-chilean-students-end-symbolic-occupations-after-6-months

[17]http://www.santiagotimes.cl/chile/education/23139-chilean-students-end-symbolic-occupations-after-6-months

[18]http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/news/19635-1-killed-in-cali-skirmishes-in-bogota-as-student-protests-turn-violent.html

[19]http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/news/19635-1-killed-in-cali-skirmishes-in-bogota-as-student-protests-turn-violent.html

[20]http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-15288505

[21]http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/news/19635-1-killed-in-cali-skirmishes-in-bogota-as-student-protests-turn-violent.html

[22]http://www.as-coa.org/article.php?id=3798

[24]http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/news/20327-santos-withdraws-education-reform.html

[25]http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/news/20503-colombias-universities-resume-classes-after-month-long-student-strike.html

[26] Altbach, Philip; Reisberg, Liz, “Trends in Global Higher Education: Tracking An Academic Revolution,” 2009

[27] http://www.ireg-observatory.org/pdf/HESA_Global_Higher_EducationRankings2010.pdf

[28]http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/40/093.html

[29]http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/40/093.html

From the Army Base to the Presidential Palace: What to Expect of Otto Pérez Molina

[1] Amafredo Castellanos, “Alvaro Colom, presidente electo de Guatemala: "integrados logramos más que separados,” Mercados & Tendencias, 18 January 2008, http://www.revistamyt.com/myt/entrevista/121-alvaro-colom,-presidente-electo-de-guatemala-integrados-logramos-mas-que-separados (accessed 26 December 2011).

[2] The Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development. Global Burden of Armed Violence. Chapter 2 Summary: Trends and Patterns of Lethal Violence. 2011 (accessed 29 December 2011). http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/GBAV2/GBAV2011-Ch2-Summary.pdf

[3] Kelsey Alford-Jones, interview by Lauren Paverman, tape recording, 9 December 2011.; Global Security, “Guatemala Civil War 1960-1996,” http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/guatemala.htm (accessed 14 December 2011).

[4] Ibid.

[5] U.S. Department of State, “Background Note: Guatemala,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2045.htm (accessed 14 December 2011); Global Security, “Guatemala Civil War 1960-1996,” http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/guatemala.htm (accessed 14 December 2011).

[6] Human Rights Watch. World Report 2011: Guatemala, January 2011. http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/related_material/guatemala_0.pdf (accessed 12 December 2011).

[7] InSight. “Guatemala Arrests Show Something is Working,” http://insightcrime.org/insight-latest-news/item/1226-arrests-in-guatemala-show-something-is-working-but-for-how-long (accessed 10 January 2012).

[8] Sarah Grainger, “Guatemala makes landmark civil war conviction,” Reuters, 31 August 2009, http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/09/01/us-guatemala-rights-idUSTRE5800F720090901 (accessed 17 December 2011).

[9] Guatemala Human Rights Commission. Human Rights Analysis: Guatemala. 8 November 2011, http://www.ghrc-usa.org/Human_Rights_Update_to_Congress_Nov2011.pdf (accessed 10 December 2011).

[10] Kelsey Alford-Jones, interview by Lauren Paverman, tape recording, 9 December 2011.

[11]             Amanda Kistler, interview by Lauren Paverman, tape recording, 13 December 2011.

[12]             Vinicio Cerezo, interview by Lauren Paverman, tape recording, 9 December 2011.

[13]             Ibid.

[14]             Center for Excellence in Corporate Social Responsibility, Guatemala, http://www.cim.org/csr/MenuPage.cfm?sections=141&menu=143 (accessed 13 December 2011).

[15]             Amanda Kistler, interview by Lauren Paverman, tape recording, 13 December 2011.

[16] “What the Observers Saw: An Assessment of Elections in Nicaragua and Guatemala, their Political Implications and Prospects for Rule of Law,” Conference, Brookings Institution, 12 December 2011.

[17] David Nash, “Allegation Letter Against Otto Pérez Molina,” School of the Americas Watch, 26 September 2011, http://soaw.org/news/3785 (accessed 21 December 2011).

[18] World Bank,Guatemala: An Assessment of Poverty, http://go.worldbank.org/37PY9S2I50 (accessed 12 December 2011).

[19] Kelsey Alford-Jones, interview by Lauren Paverman, tape recording, 2 December 2011.

[20] “What the Observers Saw: An Assessment of Elections in Nicaragua and Guatemala, their Political Implications and Prospects for Rule of Law.”

[21] Encyclopedia Britannica, Jacobo Arbenz, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/32294/Jacobo-Arbenz, (accessed 23 December 2011).

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