Inequality and Poverty in Latin America: Can the Decline Continue?

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[i]Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica C. Smith, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, U.S. Census Bureau (Washington, D.C., September 2010) http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf; United Nations Economic Commission on Latin America and the Caribbean, Statistical Yearbook for Latin America and the Caribbean (2010).

[ii]Lustig, Nora. “Is Latin America Becoming Less Unequal?” In Breaking Away from Complacency: An Agenda for Resurgence, 141-164. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publication Inc., 2010.

[iii] United Nation Economic Commission on Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Preliminary Overview of the Economies of Latin America and the Caribbean 2010, http://www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/4/41974/2010-976-BPI-Book_WEB.pdf.

[iv] United Nation Economic Commission on Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Social Panorama 2010, http://www.eclac.org/publicaciones/xml/1/41801/PSI-socialpanorama2010.pdf.

[v] Woods, Randy and Carlos Rodriguez, “IMF Raises Latin American Economic Growth Forecast Amid Overheating Signs,” Bloomberg News, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-03/imf-raises-latin-america-growth-forecast-to-4-7-amid-overheating-signs.html (accessed May 23, 2011).

[vi] Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC), “Statistics: Inequality” http://sedlac.econo.unlp.edu.ar/eng/statistics-detalle.php?idE=35 (accessed May 23, 2011).

[vii] ECLAC, Social Panorama 2010.

[viii] Barros, Ricardo and Mirela de Carvalho, et. Al. “Markets, the State, and the Dynamics of Inequality in Brazil.” In Declining Inequality in Latin America: A Decade of Progress? edited by Luis F. López-Calva and Nora Lustig, Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2010.

[ix] ECLAC, Social Panorama 2010.

[x] Lustig, Nora. “Is Latin America Becoming Less Unequal?” In Breaking Away from Complacency: An Agenda for Resurgence, 141-164. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publication Inc., 2010.

[xi] Ibid.

[xii] Marcelo Neri,” Income Policies, Income Distribution, and the Distribution of Opportunities in Brazil,” in Brazil as an Economic Superpower? Edited by Lael Brainard and Leonardo Martinez-Diaz, Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2009.

[xiii] Government of Brazil, “Bolsa Família” http://www.mds.gov.br/bolsafamilia (accessed 5/26/2011).

[xiv] Jean-Pierre Langellier, “Brazil declares war on ‘chronic poverty’,” The Gaurdian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jun/07/brazil-dilma-rousseff-poverty-eradication (accessed July 19, 2011).

[xv] Lustig, Nora. “Is Latin America Becoming Less Unequal?” In Breaking Away from Complacency: An Agenda for Resurgence, 141-164. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publication Inc., 2010.

[xvi] Barros.

[xvii] Economic Commission on Latin America and the Caribbean, “Brazil, net enrolment ratio by education level and sex,” CEPALSTAT http://websie.eclac.cl/sisgen/ConsultaIntegrada.asp (accessed May 23, 2011).

[xviii] Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica C. Smith, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009, U.S. Census Bureau (Washington, D.C., September 2010) http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf.

[xix] ECLAC, Social Panorama 2010.

[xx] Ibid.

[xxi] Ibid.

[xxii] “Chile’s surprising president: The Bachelet model, A Politian on top of her game,” The Economist, September 17, 2009, http://www.economist.com/node/14460079 (accessed May 23, 2011).

[xxiii] Peter J. Meyer, Chile: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relation, Congressional Research Service, Report for Congress, September 22, 2010, http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40126_20100922.pdf (accessed May 23, 2011)

[xxiv] Judith Teichman, “Redistributive Conflict and Social Policy in Latin America,” World Development 36, 3 (2008).

[xxv] Meyer, Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relation, Congressional Research Service.

[xxvi] ECLAC; Lustig, Nora. “Is Latin America Becoming Less Unequal?” In Breaking Away from Complacency: An Agenda for Resurgence, 141-164. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publication Inc., 2010.