Reducing Illegal Immigration from Mexico: A Politically-Dependant FDI-Focused Approach

1 For example, Spain’s entry into the E.U. did not, contrary to what was predicted by neoclassical economic theory at the time, increase migration to Northern Europe despite a significant wage difference. On the contrary, in 1991, after Spain’s accession into the E.U. for the first time in history Spain actually received more migrants than it was sending out. During an economic boom from 1967 to 1973, Spain was sending out around 200,000 workers per year. This included all classifications, both permanent and temporary. A recession in 1974 brought the outflow to practically zero, but after 1977 , emigration levels rose once again and continued into the 1980’s. The theory that Spain’s E.U. membership would cause hordes of Spanish immigrants northward into already established areas of the E.U. was legitimate then both in theory and in practice. Preceding data taken from Princeton University professor of Sociology Dr. Douglas Massey. See citation the following for a link to the above data: http://www.millermccune.com/politics/caution-nafta-at-work-4726/ Additionally, see Breuss’ “Macroeconomic Effects of E.U. Enlargement for Old and New Members” who finds that, with all standard integration policies (customs union, single market, and economic and monetary union (EMU)), migration from Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries declined in the long run as a direct result of heightened FDI levels from previously existing E.U. member states: http://fritz.breuss.wifo.ac.at/wp143.pdf. Also see “Cross Border Trade Union Collaboration in the Context of Competition and Arbitrage Labour in an Enlarged Europe” by Fitzgerald et al. who confirm the above findings as true among central and eastern European (CEE) countries: http://northumbria.openrepository.com/northumbria/bitstream/10145/129065/1/Fitzgerald_Cross%20Border%20Trade%20Union%20Collaboration.pdf


* The term “cohesion policy” is synonymous with the “regional policy of the E.U.” and here specifically refers to the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), European Social Fund (ESF) and European Cohesion Fund implemented for FDI-host countries to meet the Maastricht Criteria for entering into the 3rd stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).

2 Massey, Douglas. ""Caution: NAFTA at Work"" Miller-McCune. Miller-McCune.com. Web. 28 June 2011. .

3 See citation on pg. #1.

4 Büthe, Tim, and Helen V. Milner. "The Politics of Foreign Direct Investment into Developing Countries: Increasing FDI through International Trade Agreements?" American Journal of Political Science 52.4 (2008): 741-62. Wiley Libraries. Web. 28 June 2011. .

5 Busse, Matthias, and Carsten Hefeker. "Political Risk, Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment by Matthias Busse, Carsten Hefeker :: SSRN." Social Science Research Network. Web. 28 June 2011. .

6 World Investment and Political Risk 2009." (2009). Www.miga.org. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. Web. 6 June 2011. .

7 Habib M., and L. Zurawicki. "Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment." Journal of International Business Studies 33.2 (2002): 291-307. Print.

8 Elbel, Fred K. "Amnesty for Illegal Aliens." The American Resistance Foundation. Web. 29 June 2011. .l

9 Camarota, Steven A. "Center for Immigration Studies." Www.cis.org. Center for Immigration Studies. Web. 29 June 2011.

10 Mann, Juann P. "Amnesty Betrayals Past And Present —A Handy Reference Guide." Www.vdare.com. Vdare.com, 30 Aug. 2004. Web. 29 June 2011. .



11 "U.S. Amnesties for Illegal Aliens." Www.nassaucivic.com. Nassau County Civic Association Inc. Web. 29 June 2011. .



12 Congressional Research Service. Mexico's Drug-Related Violence. By June S. Beitell. CRS Report for Congress. R40582. Www.fas.org, 27 May 2009. Web. 29 June 2011. .

13 Congressional Research Service. Mexico's Drug-Related Violence. By June S. Beitell. CRS Report for Congress. R40582. Www.fas.org, 27 May 2009. Web. 29 June 2011. .

14 Testimony of David T. Johnson, Assistant Secretary, U.S. Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, before the Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, Related Programs of House Committee on

Appropriations, March 10, 2009.

15 Congressional Research Service. CRS Report for Congress. By June S. Beitell. 7 Jan. 2011. Web. 29 June 2011. .

16 Congressional Research Service. Mexico's Drug-Related Violence. By June S. Beitell. CRS Report for Congress. R40582. Www.fas.org, 27 May 2009. Web. 29 June 2011. .

17 Negroponte, Diana V. "Interview with Dr. Diana Villiers Negroponte." Personal Interview. 16th June 2011.

18 Ibid.

19 U.S. Department of State, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR),Volume 1, March 1, 2010, at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/137411.pdf; CRS consultation with the Drug Enforcement Administration, December 20, 2010.

20 http://insightcrime.org/criminal-activities/drug-trafficking/item/504-drug-trafficking

21 http://insightcrime.org/criminal-activities/drug-trafficking/item/504-drug-trafficking

22 Ibid.

23 http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/govpubs/amhab/amhabc3.htm,

24 http://www.boitano.net/investigation/Mexican%20Drug%20lords/Drug%20lords%20rose%20to%20power%20when%20Mexicans%20ousted%20old%20government%20-%20Yahoo$21%20News.htm

25 Congressional Research Service. CRS Report for Congress. By June S. Beitell. 7 Jan. 2011. Web. 29 June 2011. .

26 Ibid.

27 Economist Intelligence Unit, “Mexico Politics: Whither the War on Drugs?,” September 2, 2010.



28 Felbab-Brown, Vanda. "Interview with Dr. Vanda Felbab-Brown." Personal interview. 28 May 2011.

29 Ibid.

30 Ibid.